We review a broad range of phenomena in diffraction in the context of hadron–hadron,
hadron–nucleus collisions and deep inelastic lepton–proton/nucleus scattering focusing on …

This review outlines our present experimental knowledge and theoretical understanding of
deep-inelastic scattering on nuclear targets. The emphasis is primarily on nuclear …

Nuclear parton distribution functions (NPDFs) are determined by global analyses of
experimental data on structure-function ratios F 2 A/F 2 A'and Drell-Yan cross-section ratios …

The photonuclear contribution to charged lepton energy loss has been reevaluated taking
into account DESY HERA results on real and virtual photon interactions with nucleons. With …

We use several diverse parameterizations of diffractive parton distributions, extracted in
leading twist QCD analyses of the HERA diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data, to …

Violation of the Gottfried sum rule was suggested by the New Muon Collaboration in
measuring proton and deuteron F2 structure functions. The finding triggered many …

A bstract Collective behaviour of final-state hadrons, and multiparton interactions are studied
in high-multiplicity ep scattering at a centre-of-mass energy\(\sqrt {s}\)= 318 GeV with the …

Understanding the substructure of atomic nuclei, particularly the clustering of nucleons
inside them, is essential for comprehending nuclear dynamics. Various cluster …

We critically examine uncertainties in parton distribution functions (PDFs) at large x arising
from nuclear effects in deuterium F 2 structure function data. Within a global PDF analysis …

The available world deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) data on proton and deuteron structure
functions F 2 p, F 2 d, and their ratios are leveraged to extract the free neutron F 2 n structure …