The multidimensional 0–1 knapsack problem is one of the most well-known integer
programming problems and has received wide attention from the operational research …

Decision makers are often faced with several conflicting alternatives. How do they evaluate
trade-offs when there are more than three criteria? To help people make optimal decisions …

The industries which collectively provide travel and tourism services worldwide are some of
the fastest growing anywhere. This book examines the economics of those industries and …

In this paper, we describe a new approach to tabu search (TS) based on strategic oscillation
and surrogate constraint information that provides a balance between intensification and …

This paper presents an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFFOA) for solving the
multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP). In IFFOA, the parallel search is employed to …

A key conundrum facing organizations is how to adjust marketing budgets in response to the
business cycle. While most firms use procyclical spending (spending less during economic …

Ecotourism is an important niche market in the world tourism industry. It is becoming
increasingly popular as an alternative to mass tourism. The emergence of ecotourism was …

A literature search of recent tourism publications reveals that there is a growing tendency
among researchers to study tourism within the framework of the social sciences. Many of …

The problem of selecting a multicriterion decision making (MCDM) technique for watershed
resources management is investigated. Of explicit concern in this research is the matching of …

This paper examines the performance of three heuristic methods (Senju-Toyoda, Kochen-
berger et al. and Hillier) when applied to the 0-1 linear programming problem with …