Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue

TC Theoharides, C Cholevas, K Polyzoidis… - Biofactors, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
COVID‐19 leads to severe respiratory problems, but also to long‐COVID syndrome
associated primarily with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Long‐COVID syndrome …

The ST2/IL-33 axis in immune cells during inflammatory diseases

B Griesenauer, S Paczesny - Frontiers in immunology, 2017 - frontiersin.org
Il1rl1 (also known as ST2) is a member of the IL-1 superfamily, and its only known ligand is
IL-33. ST2 exists in two forms as splice variants: a soluble form (sST2), which acts as a …

Role of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-induced activation of microglia and mast cells in the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID

TC Theoharides, D Kempuraj - Cells, 2023 - mdpi.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a …

The role and relevance of mast cells in urticaria

MK Church, P Kolkhir, M Metz… - Immunological reviews, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
This review presents evidence that the skin mast cell, in particular the MCTC subtype, is the
primary effector cell in urticaria. Mast cells are located in the upper dermis, the ideal situation …

Non‐IgE mediated mast cell activation

FA Redegeld, Y Yu, S Kumari, N Charles… - Immunological …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Mast cells (MC s) are innate immune cells that are scattered in tissues throughout the
organism being particularly abundant at sites exposed to the environment such as the skin …

Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders

E Hendriksen, D van Bergeijk, RS Oosting… - Neuroscience & …, 2017 - Elsevier
It is well recognized that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of various
neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and astrocytes are major pathogenic components …

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen

J Barratt, D Chan, I Sandaradura, R Malik, D Spielman… - Parasitology, 2016 - cambridge.org
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongyloid nematode found widely in the Asia-Pacific
region, and the aetiological agent of angiostrongyliasis; a disease characterized by …

IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms

K Mukai, M Tsai, P Starkl, T Marichal… - Seminars in …, 2016 - Springer
IgE-dependent mast cell activation is a major effector mechanism underlying the pathology
associated with allergic disorders. The most dramatic of these IgE-associated disorders is …

The evolving landscape of biologic therapies for atopic dermatitis: present and future perspective

E David, B Ungar, Y Renert‐Yuval… - Clinical & …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common, chronic inflammatory skin diseases with a
significant physical, emotional and socioeconomic burden. In recent years the …

Conflicting vascular and metabolic impact of the IL-33/sST2 axis

R Altara, R Ghali, Z Mallat, A Cataliotti… - Cardiovascular …, 2018 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial
and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra-and …