Neuromechanical principles define the properties and problems that shape neural solutions
for movement. Although the theoretical and experimental evidence is debated, we present …

The advent of powerful perturbation tools, such as optogenetics, has created new frontiers
for probing causal dependencies in neural and behavioral states. These approaches have …

The primary focus of rehabilitation for individuals with loss of upper limb movement as a
result of acquired brain injury is the relearning of specific motor skills and daily tasks. This …

Goal: Sensorimotor-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have achieved successful
control of real and virtual devices in up to three dimensions; however, the traditional sensor …

Skilled motor behaviour, from the graceful leap of a ballerina to a precise pitch by a baseball
player, appears effortless but reflects an intimate interaction between the complex …

Recent theoretical models suggest that deciding about actions and executing them are not
implemented by completely distinct neural mechanisms but are instead two modes of an …

Little is known about the integration of neural mechanisms for balance and locomotion.
Muscle synergies have been studied independently in standing balance and walking, but …

Driven by recent empirical studies, we offer a new understanding of the degrees of freedom
problem, and propose a refined concept of synergy as a neural organization that ensures a …

How the CNS selects the appropriate muscle patterns to achieve a behavioral goal is an
open question. To gain insight into this process, we characterized the spatiotemporal …

Synergy discusses a general problem in biology: The lack of an adequate language for
formulating biologically specific problems. Written for an inquisitive reader who is not …