The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and
hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy …

Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence of novel viral
sublineages. Here, we isolate and characterize XBB. 1, XBB. 1.5, XBB. 1.9. 1, XBB. 1.16. 1 …

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the need to update COVID-19
vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by vaccination based on the …

Abstract In late 2022, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have become highly diversified,
and XBB is spreading rapidly around the world. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that …

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariant, BA.
2.86, has emerged and spread to numerous countries worldwide, raising alarm because its …

COVID-19 vaccines have recently been updated to specifically encode or contain the spike
protein of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB. 1.5 subvariant, but their immunogenicity in humans has yet …

Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants have acquired convergent mutations at hot spots
in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The effects of these mutations on …

Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2, BA. 4, and BA. 5 lineages has led to
the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA. 2.75. 2, BA. 4.6. and BQ. 1.1. The …

Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we
demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB. 1.5, CH. 1.1, and CA. 3.1 variants from …