Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies
develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein transport nanomachines that are found in
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Resembling molecular syringes, T3SSs …

Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also
has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases …

Citrobacter rodentium is a mucosal pathogen of mice that shares several pathogenic
mechanisms with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli …

The virulence mechanisms that allow pathogens to colonize the intestine remain unclear.
Here, we show that germ-free animals are unable to eradicate Citrobacter rodentium, a …

Escherichia coli is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless commensal
needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to become a highly adapted …

Abstract Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a major foodborne pathogen
causing severe disease in humans worldwide. Healthy cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157 …

Most Escherichia coli strains live harmlessly in the intestines and rarely cause disease in
healthy individuals. Nonetheless, a number of pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea or …

Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing
(A/E) Escherichia coli infections, the mechanisms by which the host defends against these …

Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …