Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐
negative breast cancer is defined by the presence of the estrogen receptor and/or the …

During the past recent years, various therapies emerged in the era of breast cancer. Breast
cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which genetic and environmental factors are involved …

The plasminogen activator (PA) system is an extracellular proteolytic enzyme system
associated with various physiological and pathophysiological processes. A large body of …

Following a diagnosis of breast cancer, the most immediate challenges in patient
management are the determination of prognosis and identification of the most appropriate …

Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive breast
cancer. For selecting patients likely to respond to endocrine therapy, both oestrogen …

Purpose To provide recommendations on appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay
results to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive …

Purpose This focused update addresses the use of MammaPrint (Agendia, Irvine, CA) to
guide decisions on the use of adjuvant systemic therapy. Methods ASCO uses a signals …

Abstract The 12th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (2011) Expert Panel
adopted a new approach to the classification of patients for therapeutic purposes based on …

Microarray-based gene expression profiling has had a major effect on our understanding of
breast cancer. Breast cancer is now perceived as a heterogeneous group of different …

There is growing consensus that multigene prognostic tests provide useful complementary
information to tumor size and grade in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. The …