Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and
circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in …

Icy grain mantles are the main reservoir of the volatile elements that link chemical processes
in dark, interstellar clouds with the formation of planets and the composition of their …

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) are ubiquitously detected in the gas phase
and thought to be mostly formed on icy grains. Nevertheless, there have not been any …

A new, more comprehensive model of gas–grain chemistry in hot molecular cores is
presented, in which nondiffusive reaction processes on dust-grain surfaces and in ice …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

The origin of complex organic molecules (COMs) in young Class 0 protostars has been one
of the major questions in astrochemistry and star formation. While COMs are thought to form …

Of the over 150 different molecular species detected in the interstellar and circumstellar
media, approximately 50 contain 6 or more atoms. These molecules, labeled complex by …

Abstract MIRI (the Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope [JWST])
operates from 5 to 28.5 μm and combines over this range:(1) unprecedented sensitivity …

ABSTRACT The c2d Spitzer Legacy project obtained images and photometry with both
IRAC and MIPS instruments for five large, nearby molecular clouds. Three of the clouds …