Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has
resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be …

Background CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the innate antitumour immune response.
Recently, CD8+ T cell dysfunction has been verified in various malignant cancers, including …

Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates
almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell …

After decades of efforts, we have recently made progress into targeting KRAS mutations in
several malignancies. Known as the 'holy grail'of targeted cancer therapies, KRAS is the …

Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which paves the
way to carcinogenesis. Initially, monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites …

Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are
attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been …

SHP2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene and is
involved in cell growth and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. SHP2 also plays …

Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein
tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues …

SHP2 (Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2) is a non-
receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that removes tyrosine phosphorylation. Functionally …