Mixed‐species animal groups (MSGs) are widely acknowledged to increase predator
avoidance and foraging efficiency, among other benefits, and thereby increase participants' …

Mobbing is an important anti-predator behavior where prey harass and attack a predator to
lower the immediate and long-term risk posed by it, warn others, and communicate about the …

From the cave walls at Lascaux to the last painting by Van Gogh, from the works of
Shakespeare to those of Mark Twain, there is clear evidence that crows and ravens …

Individuals face evolutionary trade-offs between the acquisition of costly but accurate
information gained firsthand and the use of inexpensive but possibly less reliable social …

Although human behaviour abounds with reciprocal altruism, few examples exist
documenting reciprocal altruism in animals. Recent non-experimental evidence suggests …

Many birds utter alarm calls when they encounter predators, and previous work has
revealed that variation in the characteristics of the alarm, or “chick-a-dee,” calls of black …

Antipredator theory has rarely been invoked to explain why birds associate in kin groups.
Instead, it has been argued that offspring delay dispersal in response to poor dispersal …

Highlights•Vertebrates respond to conspecific and heterospecific mobbing calls.•We used
playbacks to investigate if prior experience is required to elicit mobbing.•The bird species …

Highlights•Birds sometimes respond to predators by mobbing instead of fleeing.•We tested
the effect of predation risk on mobbing intensity using playback stimuli.•We showed that …

Many prey species gather together to approach and harass their predators despite the
associated risks. While mobbing, prey usually utter calls and previous experiments have …