The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement
owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or …

Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune
response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient …

Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a
spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ …

Mobilizing antitumour immunity through vaccination potentially constitutes a powerful
anticancer strategy but has not yet provided robust clinical benefits in large patient …

Highlights•Epitope vaccines provide maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side
effects.•Reverse vaccinology can be used for designing epitope vaccines.•Computational …

The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the
establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell …

Peptide-based cancer vaccines rely upon the strong activation of the adaptive immune
response to elicit its effector function. They have shown to be highly specific and safe, but …

Many tumour antigens that do not arise from cancer cell-specific mutations are targets of
humoral and cellular immunity despite their expression on non-malignant cells. Thus, in …

Throughout the past decade, there has been a rapid growth in the development of
protein/peptide-based therapeutics. These therapeutics have found widespread applications …

Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly become the focus of
research due to their unique characteristics and bioinspired applications. They are lipid …