Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2
diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free …

The tryptophan and kynurenine pathway is well-known to play an important role in nervous,
endocrine, and immune systems, as well as in the development of inflammatory diseases. It …

Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship
between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic …

The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …

Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological
processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is …

Prompted by the observation that atherosclerotic plaques from human diabetic subjects
displayed lower amounts of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) …

The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in
compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl …

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known
individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these …

The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), serves as a co-factor in more
than 150 enzymatic reactions. Plasma PLP has consistently been shown to be low in …

The association between altered gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, inflammation and
cardiometabolic diseases is becoming increasingly clear but remains poorly understood …