Populists are often described as using a more aggressive, offensive, and anxiety-fuelled
rhetoric than non-populists. Yet, little systematic evidence exists that this is the case. This …

Very little is known in broad comparative terms about the nature and content of election
campaigns. In this article, we present the first systematic and comparative assessment of the …

We investigate the antecedents of affective polarization in the American public, and focus
specifically on the driving role of exposure to darker forms of campaign communication …

More aggressive campaigning styles focusing on criticizing opponents (negativity) or using
inappropriate language to vilify opponents (incivility) tend to be disliked by voters, and …

There is mounting evidence in the United States and worldwide that highlights a widespread
and deepening" principled dislike" between partisan groups. Stemming from group identity …

Studies have repeatedly documented the cost of ruling: governing parties generally suffer
electoral defeats. We approach this empirical law of political science from the perspective of …

Various studies have been devoted to explaining the conditions under which parties engage
in attack behavior. However, the existing literature has overlooked the issues on which …

Contemporary politics has been filled with increasing political disagreements beyond
opinion contestation essential for democratic competition. This study examines the …

The paper discusses populist appeals to emotions in political communication, considering
their role in the proliferation of political polarisation and radicalisation. Revisiting the …

This paper aims to clarify the mechanism linking media coverage and advertising to
electoral volatility. It is argued that the link is indirect rather than direct: Parties' …