BACKGROUND Natural nanomaterials have always been abundant during Earth's formation
and throughout its evolution over the past 4.54 billion years. Incidental nanomaterials, which …

The synthesis, stability, and toxicity of engineered metal nanoparticles (ENPs) have been
extensively studied during the past two decades. In contrast, research on the formation, fate …

Hydrothermally sourced dissolved metals have been recorded in all ocean basins. In the
oceans' largest known hydrothermal plume, extending westwards across the Pacific from the …

Owing to their unique characteristic features (eg, nano-scaled dimensions, surface charge,
surface chemistry, thermodynamics, morphology, etc.), diversity of functionalization, and …

The micronutrient iron plays a major role in setting the magnitude and distribution of primary
production across the global ocean. As such, an understanding of the sources, sinks, and …

Until recently, hydrothermal vents were not considered to be an important source to the
marine dissolved Fe (dFe) inventory because hydrothermal Fe was believed to precipitate …

Dissolution of marine sediment is a key source of dissolved iron (Fe) that regulates the
ocean carbon cycle. Currently, our prevailing understanding, encapsulated in ocean …

Precambrian iron formation provides valuable windows onto ancient marine environments,
but exactly how these Fe-and Si-rich chemical sedimentary rocks formed have remained a …

When nanoparticles enter the body, their interactions with cells are almost unavoidable.
Unintended nanoparticle interaction with immune cells may elicit a molecular response that …

Chemical, physical and biological processes in hydrothermal plumes control the flux of
elements from hydrothermal vents to the global oceans. The timescales of these processes …