Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs in intestinal
epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and …

The gastrointestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the body and external
environment. It effectively provides a selective permeable barrier that limits the permeation …

The human intestinal epithelium is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells that separates
the intestinal lumen from the underlying lamina propria. The space between these cells is …

Polyphenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and procyanidins, are abundant in food
and beverage derived from plants. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is particularly rich in polyphenols …

Diet can be considered as one of the pivotal factors in regulating gastrointestinal health, and
polyphenols widely distributed in human daily diet. The polyphenols and their metabolites …

Cytokines play a crucial role in the modulation of inflammatory response in the
gastrointestinal tract. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a central role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion of flavonoids, which ultimately define the health effects of these bioactives …

Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins,
flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea …

The intestinal tract represents the largest interface between the external environment and
the human body. Nutrient uptake mostly happens in the intestinal tract, where the epithelial …

Diet-induced obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, which, in most cases, leads
to the development of metabolic disorders, primarily insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes …