DNA methylation, also known as 5-methylcytosine, is an epigenetic modification that has
crucial functions in plant growth, development and adaptation. The cellular DNA methylation …

In plants, two atypical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) and
Pol V, and an RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2) together produce …

DNA methylation affects gene expression and maintains genome integrity. The DNA-
dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), together with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase …

The activities of RNA polymerases shape the epigenetic landscape of genomes with
profound consequences for genome integrity and gene expression. A fundamental event …

In the realm of plant biology, small RNAs (sRNAs) are imperative in the orchestration of
gene expression, playing pivotal roles across a spectrum of developmental sequences and …

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases play essential roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing in
eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2) physically …

Paramutation is the transfer of mitotically and meiotically heritable silencing information
between two alleles. With paramutation at the maize (Zea mays) booster1 (b1) locus, the low …

In plants, selfish genetic elements, including retrotransposons and DNA viruses, are
transcriptionally silenced by RNA-directed DNA methylation. Guiding the process are short …

Expressing recombinant proteins in heterologous host cells is a prerequisite for purification
and other downstream processes. Cell cultures require a protein expression test to optimize …

Eukaryotes must balance the need for gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II)
against the danger of mutations caused by transposable element (TE) proliferation. In plants …