In chemical biology research, various fluorescent probes have been developed and used to
visualize target proteins or molecules in living cells and tissues, yet there are limitations to …

Driven by applications in chemical sensing, biological imaging and material
characterisation, Raman spectroscopies are attracting growing interest from a variety of …

Transdermal drug delivery is one of the least intrusive and patient-friendly ways for
therapeutic agent administration. Recently, functional nano-systems have been …

Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which
can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic …

Nanoparticles are generally defined as any particulate material for which at least one
dimension lies in the range of 1− 100 nm. 1− 3 They can exist in various shapes, such as …

BACKGROUND Biomolecules can serve as natural labels for microscopy by measuring their
molecular vibration spectra in living cells and tissues. However, the transition from …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is of interest for biomedical analysis and
imaging because of its sensitivity, specificity and multiplexing capabilities. The successful …

Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique based on inelastic scattering of light by
vibrating molecules and can provide chemical fingerprints of cells, tissues or biofluids. The …

Raman spectroscopy is an increasingly popular technique in many areas, including biology
and medicine. It is based on Raman scattering, a phenomenon in which incident photons …

Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging using inherent vibrational contrast has been broadly
used as a powerful analytical tool for sample identification and characterization. However …