The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia,
astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to …

A fovea is a pitted invagination in the inner retinal tissue (fovea interna) that overlies an area
of photoreceptors specialized for high acuity vision (fovea externa). Although the shape of …

The basement membrane (BM) is a thin specialized extracellular matrix that functions as a
cellular anchorage site, a physical barrier and a signaling hub. While the literature on the …

No treatments exist to effectively treat many retinal diseases. Retinal pigmented epithelium
(RPE) and neural retina can be generated from human embryonic stem cells/induced …

Studying the biomechanical properties of biological tissue is crucial to improve our
understanding of disease pathogenesis. The biomechanical characteristics of the cornea …

Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (RIR) injury is involved in the pathogenesis of various vision‐
threatening diseases. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be …

Basement membranes (BMs) are thin sheets of extracellular matrix that outline epithelia,
muscle fibers, blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The current view of BM structure and …

Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging due to several anatomical
and physiological barriers. Thus, there is a need for prolonged action and targeted drug …

Tissue shape emerges from the collective mechanical properties and behavior of individual
cells and the ways by which they integrate into the surrounding tissue. Tissue architecture …

Macromolecules comprise only 2% of vitreous, yet are responsible for its gel state,
transparency, and physiologic function (s) within the eye. Myopia and aging alter collagen …