In patients with acute circulatory failure, the decision to give fluids or not should not be taken
lightly. The risk of overzealous fluid administration has been clearly established. Moreover …

Dead space is an important component of ventilation–perfusion abnormalities.
Measurement of dead space has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. In the …

Background Pulse pressure and stroke volume variation (PPV and SVV) have been widely
used in surgical patients as predictors of fluid challenge (FC) response. Several factors may …

BACKGROUND: Assessing the volemic status of patients undergoing surgery is part of the
routine management for the anesthesiologist. This assessment is commonly performed by …

Management with intravenous fluids can improve cardiac output in some surgical patients.
Management with static preload indicators, such as central venous pressure and pulmonary …

Haemodynamic management incorporating direct or surrogate stroke volume monitoring
has experienced a rapid evolution, because of emergence of the “goal-directed therapy” …

Volume capnography provides a noninvasive, continuous display of the fractional
concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) versus exhaled volume. Derived …

A drastic alteration resumption observed on archaeological bronze objects was investigated,
characterized by crystals growing under the surface of the objects, inducing cracks …

Capnography has become ubiquitous in critical care, presenting new opportunities and
challenges in interpretation. 1 Carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement uses infrared …

Recent research has revealed that hemodynamic changes caused by lung recruitment
maneuvers (LRM) with continuous positive airway pressure can be used to identify fluid …