Cannabis use has been increasing in recent years, particularly among women, and one of
the most common uses of cannabis for medical purposes is pain relief. Pain conditions and …

It has become increasingly apparent that women suffer a disproportionate amount of pain
during their lifetime compared to men. Over the past 15 years, a growing number of studies …

Disruption of bacterial colonization during the early postnatal period is increasingly being
linked to adverse health outcomes. Indeed, there is a growing appreciation that the gut …

Considerable evidence indicates sex-related differences in pain responses and in the
effectiveness of various analgesic agents. Specifically, females are at greater risk for …

According to epidemiological studies, twice as many women as men are affected by irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS) in western countries, suggesting a role for sex hormones in IBS …

In the United States and other Western cultures, a greater number of women seek health
care services for symptoms of functional pain disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome …

Reproductive hormones are implicated in moderating pain. Animal studies support both
pronociceptive and antinociceptive actions of oestradiol and progesterone suggesting that …

The analgesia produced by inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor agonists involves
coordinated postsynaptic inhibition via G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium …

Background: An increase in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including bowel discomfort,
abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, and alterations in bowel patterns, has been reported …

Pelvic pain associated with menstruation, ie, dysmenorrhea, is a chronic pelvic pain that not
only interferes with a woman's wellbeing for a large part of her life but also often co-occurs …