Importance Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often
referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine …

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Multiple changes occur across various endocrine systems as an individual ages. The
understanding of the factors that cause age-related changes and how they should be …

Myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues have receptors for thyroid hormones and are
sensitive to changes in the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. The importance …

The literature on the connection between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical
hypothyroidism is critically analyzed in this narrative review. These conditions are frequently …

During ageing, the secretory patterns of the hormones produced by the hypothalamic–
pituitary axis change, as does the sensitivity of the axis to negative feedback by end …

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a relatively common form of primary systemic
vasculitis, which, if left untreated, can lead to permanent sight loss. We compared ultrasound …

Hypothyroidism is a commonly encountered clinical condition with variable prevalence. It
has profound effects on cardiac function that can impact cardiac contractility, vascular …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) should be considered in two categories according to the
elevation in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level: mildly increased TSH levels (4.0 …