Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading
cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces instant activation of innate immunity in brain tissue,
followed by a systematization of the inflammatory response. The subsequent response …

Traumatic brain injury rapidly induces inflammation. This inflammation is produced both by
endogenous brain cells and circulating inflammatory cells that enter from the brain. Together …

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all
ages; despite the advances, understanding pathophysiological responses after TBI is still …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits a complex secondary injury response, with
neuroinflammation as a crucial central component. Long thought to be solely a deleterious …

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a unique neurodegenerative disease that is
associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI) in both civilian and military settings. In 2014 …

Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury cascades following traumatic brain injury
(TBI), with alternating waves of inflammation and resolution. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a critical …

Patients enrolled in clinical trials for traumatic brain injury (TBI) may present with
heterogeneous features over a range of injury severity, such as diffuse axonal injury …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a neuroprotective cytokine, which has been applied in several
animal models presenting neurological disorders. One of the proposed modes of action …

Object Erythropoietin (EPO) shows promise as a neuroprotective agent in animal models of
traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, clinical trials of the efficacy of EPO treatment in …