Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular
senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Apoptosis, the first regulated form of cell death discovered in mammalian cells, is executed
by caspase-3/7, which are dormant in living cells but become activated by upstream …

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase
family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused
a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has become the greatest …

Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T cells to
directly recognize and kill tumour cells,–. These strategies are limited by the emergence of …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, also known as nucleotide-
binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are a family of cytosolic pattern recognition …

Inflammasomes are important sentinels of innate immune defence, sensing pathogens and
inducing cell death in infected cells. There are several inflammasome sensors that each …