Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been recognized as efficient vehicles to transport a large
variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as important constituents of the COVID-19 …

The technique of attaching the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), or PEGylation, has
brought more than ten protein drugs into market. The surface conjugation of PEG on proteins …

The modification of protein and nanoparticle therapeutics with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a
flexible, uncharged, and highly hydrophilic polymer, is a widely adopted approach to reduce …

Zwitterionic polymers have attracted research attention in recent years owing to their unique
molecular structures. In the same repeat unit, positive and negative charges are …

A temperature gradient acts like an external field on colloidal suspensions and drives the
solute particles to the cold or to the warm, depending on interfacial and solvent properties …

Despite its apparent simplicity, water behaves in a complex manner and is fundamental in
controlling many physical, chemical and biological processes. The molecular mechanisms …

Hydrogels are soft and wet materials with a three-dimensional porous network structure,
capable of swelling to retain a large volume of water and maintaining semi-solid integrity. In …

Proteins and peptides have played a pivotal role in revolutionizing disease treatment over
the last century. Despite their commercial success, protein therapeutics can be eliminated or …

Abstract Poly (ethylene glycol)(PEG) conjugation has been the gold standard to ameliorate
the pharmacokinetic (PK) and immunological profiles of proteins. PEG polymer does …

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymer routinely used to modify biologics and nanoparticles
to prolong blood circulation and reduce immunogenicity of the underlying therapeutic …