Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Background Plastic responses of plants to the environment are ubiquitous. Phenotypic
plasticity occurs in many forms and at many biological scales, and its adaptive value …

Many biologists are asking whether environmentally initiated phenotypic change
(ie,'phenotypic plasticity') precedes, and even facilitates, evolutionary adaptation. However …

Phenotypic plasticity is a major mechanism of response to global change. However, current
plastic responses will only remain adaptive under future conditions if informative …

Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from
organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to …

In an era of rapid climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how organisms will
cope with faster and less predictable variation in environmental conditions. Here we develop …

Many forms of developmental plasticity have been observed and these are usually
beneficial to the organism. The Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypothesis refers to a …

I outline how understanding the mechanism of behavioural plasticity is important for
predicting how organisms will respond to rapidly changing and novel environments. I define …

Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These
thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history …

Over the past decade, advances in both molecular developmental biology and evolutionary
ecology have made possible a new understanding of organisms as dynamic systems …