Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond to
various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among the diverse array of …

Global warming and local eutrophication simultaneously lower oxygen (O2) saturation and
increase biological O2 demands to cause deoxygenation. Tropical shallow waters, and their …

Metachronal waves commonly exist in natural cilia carpets. These emergent phenomena,
which originate from phase differences between neighbouring self-beating cilia, are …

Microactuators provide controllable driving forces for precise positioning, manipulation and
operation at the microscale. Development of microactuators using active materials is often …

Many symbiotic relationships rely on the acquisition of microbial partners from the
environment. However, the mechanisms by which microbial symbionts find and colonize …

Cilia and flagella are fundamental units of motion in cellular biology. These beating, hair-like
organelles share a common basic structure but maintain widely varying functions in systems …

Biological cilia play essential roles in self-propulsion, food capture, and cell transportation
by performing coordinated metachronal motions. Experimental studies to emulate the …

Coordinated nonreciprocal dynamics in biological cilia is essential to many living systems,
where the emergentmetachronal waves of cilia have been hypothesized to enhance net fluid …

Artificial cilia integrating both actuation and sensing functions allow simultaneously sensing
environmental properties and manipulating fluids in situ, which are promising for …

This work reviews the present position of and surveys future perspectives in the physics of
chaotic advection: the field that emerged three decades ago at the intersection of fluid …