Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the slee**
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced
calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Behavioral state is known to influence interactions between thalamus and cortex, which are
important for sensation, action, and cognition. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is …

Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels) are widely expressed
throughout the central nervous system. These channels are activated solely by increases in …

Sleep spindles are extensively studied electroencephalographic rhythms that recur
periodically during non–rapid eye movement sleep and that are associated with rhythmic …

Although schizophrenia (SZ) is defined by waking phenomena, abnormal sleep is a
common feature. In particular, there is accumulating evidence of a sleep spindle deficit …

Human brain organoids provide unique platforms for modeling several aspects of human
brain development and pathology. However, current brain organoid systems mostly lack the …

Abstract The slow (< 1 Hz) rhythm, the most important electroencephalogram (EEG)
signature of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is generally viewed as originating …