Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by progressive renal failure, hearing
loss, and ocular abnormalities. Mutations in the COL4A5 (X-linked), or COL4A3 and …

Aims: To describe the optics of in vivo confocal microscopy, its advantages over previous
methods, and to summarise the literature that arose from its use for the observation of the …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose (BG). DM
is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. The ocular …

Confocal microscopy enables microstructural analysis of the in vivo cornea, allowing fresh
insight into corneal microstructure in health, and in inherited and acquired corneal disease …

In vivo confocal imaging of the cornea has evolved exponentially over the last few decades
and it has increasingly emerged from the laboratory to be used in the clinical setting in …

Current corneal assessment technologies make the process of corneal evaluation extremely
fast and simple, and several devices and technologies show signs that help in identification …

purpose. Although penetrating keratoplasty is generally considered a successful procedure,
transplanted corneal tissue may exhibit abnormal epithelium, decreased sensation, and …

Collagen VIII is localized in subendothelial and subepithelial extracellular matrices. It is a
major component of Descemet's membrane, a thick basement membrane under the corneal …

Corneal dystrophies are categorized according to the International Committee for
Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) classification, and their treatment depends on …

Confocal microscopy allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of the ocular surface. Its unique
physical properties enable microscopic examination of all layers of the cornea and have …