Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's deadliest and fastest-growing tumors,
with a poor prognosis. HCC develops in the context of chronic liver disease. Curative …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer with poor
prognosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation are three conventional …

T-cell exhaustion was originally identified during chronic infection in mice, and was
subsequently observed in humans with cancer. The exhausted T cells in the tumor …

Immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies have demonstrated objective antitumor responses
in multiple tumor types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal …

Context: Ipilimumab (Ipi) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment
of unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Little is known about Ipi-induced hypophysitis (IH) …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating and lethal human malignancy with no curable chemo-
treatments available thus far. More than 90% of pancreatic tumors are formed from ductal …

Introduction Advances in immunotherapy have transformed the management of metastatic
melanoma and generated encouraging results in the treatment of other malignancies …

Background Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 (CTLA‐4) has an important role
in T‐cell regulation, proliferation and tolerance. Anti‐CTLA‐4 agents, such as ipilimumab …

Recent clinical results for PD-1 blockade therapy have demonstrated durable tumor control
with minimal immune-related adverse effects. PD-L1 is induced in non-lymphoid tissue cells …

Background Ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blocking antibody,
has been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and induces adverse events …