B cells are key components of the adaptive immune response. Their differentiation into
either specific memory B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells is a consequence of …

MAP kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks) belong to the mammalian Ste20-like family of
serine/threonine kinases. MAP4Ks including MAP4K1/HPK1, MAP4K2/GCK, MAP4K3/GLK …

Engagement of the B cell receptor (BCR) by surface-tethered antigens (Ag) leads to
formation of a synapse that promotes Ag uptake for presentation onto major …

Microtubules (MTs) are tubular polymers of tubulin that are highly dynamic and found
throughout the cytoplasm. MTs are involved in maintaining cell structure and, together with …

Actin filaments form contractile and protrusive structures that play central roles in many
processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. During …

B lymphocytes produce antibodies under the stimulation of specific antigens, thereby
exerting an immune effect. B cells identify antigens by their surface B cell receptor (BCR) …

The high efficiency of Ag processing and presentation by B cells requires Ag-induced BCR
signaling and actin cytoskeleton reorganization, although the underlying mechanism for …

A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of
these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens …

Abstract Dynamin 2 (DNM2) mutations cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy,
a rare form of congenital myopathy, and intermediate and axonal forms of Charcot–Marie …

Binding of antigen to the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers both BCR signaling and
endocytosis. How endocytosis regulates BCR signaling remains unknown. Here we report …