Communication between cellular organisms occurs, among other mechanisms, through the
release of specific biochemical or chemical messengers by an emitting cell, generally …

Amperometry is a simple and powerful technique to study exocytosis at the single cell level.
By positioning and polarizing (at an appropriate potential at which the molecules released …

Complexins are SNARE-complex binding proteins essential for the Ca2+-triggered
exocytosis mediated by synaptotagmin-1,-2,-7, or-9, but the possible role of complexins in …

SNARE-mediated exocytosis is a multistage process central to synaptic transmission and
hormone release. Complexins (CPXs) are small proteins that bind very rapidly and with a …

Chromogranin A (CgA) is a prohormone and granulogenic factor in neuroendocrine tissues
with a regulated secretory pathway. The impact of CgA depletion on secretory granule …

SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins
have a key role in membrane fusion. It is commonly assumed that pairing of SNARE proteins …

Amperometry at ultramicroelectrodes is nowadays a routine analytical technique for
quantitative real-time monitoring of vesicular exocytosis at single cell levels. The method …

Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) or pNIPAM is a thermoresponsive polymer that is widely
studied for use in bioengineering applications. The interest in this polymer lies in the …

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland medulla synthesize and store hormones and peptides,
which are released into the blood circulation in response to stress. Among them, adrenaline …

Quantal analysis of synaptic transmission is an important tool for understanding the
mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and synaptic regulation. Although several custom-made …