Vector beams, and in particular vector vortex beams, have found many applications in recent
times, both as classical fields and as quantum states. While much attention has focused on …

Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom
(DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the …

The similarities between quantum mechanics and paraxial optics were already well-known
to the founding fathers of quantum mechanics; indeed knowledge of paraxial optics partly …

Vector vortex beams are structured states of light that are nonseparable in their polarisation
and spatial mode, they are eigenmodes of free-space and many fiber systems, and have the …

High-dimensional entanglement with spatial modes of light promises increased security and
information capacity over quantum channels. Unfortunately, entanglement decays due to …

Structured light refers to the ability to tailor optical patterns in all its degrees of freedom, from
conventional 2D transverse patterns to exotic forms of 3D, 4D, and even higher-dimensional …

Vector beams, non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation, have emerged as enabling
tools in many diverse applications, from communication to imaging. This applicability has …

It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary
transformations. This rule dictates, for example, that the entanglement of internal degrees of …

The concept of entanglement is so synonymous with quantum mechanics that the prefix
“quantum” is often deemed unnecessary; there is after all only quantum entanglement. But …

Quantum network scales the advantages of quantum communication protocols to more than
two detached users, which offers great potential to realize the quantum internet. Here, a fully …