Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator that induces
structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely accepted for its involvement in resilience
and antidepressant drug action, is a common genetic locus of risk for mental illnesses, and …

Spermatozoa harbour a complex and environment-sensitive pool of small non-coding RNAs
(sncRNAs), which influences offspring development and adult phenotypes,,,,,–. Whether …

It is well-established that testicular spermatozoa are immature and acquire motility and
fertilization capabilities during transit throughout the epididymis. The epididymis is a duct …

Adolescent growth and social development shape the early development of offspring from
preconception through to the post-partum period through distinct processes in males and …

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that can be transmitted through cell
divisions but cannot be explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic …

A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the power of exercise to support cognitive
function, the effects of which can last for considerable time. An emerging line of scientific …

Parents' stressful experiences can influence an offspring's vulnerability to many pathological
conditions, including psychopathologies, and their effects may even endure for several …

The number of studies on non-coding RNAs has increased substantially in recent years
owing to their importance in gene regulation. However, the biological functions of small …

Exposure to ubiquitous plastic-associated endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is
associated with the increased risk of many chronic diseases. For example, phthalate …