Stress in teleosts is an increasingly studied topic because of its interaction with growth,
reproduction, immune system and ultimately fitness of the animal. Whether it is for evaluating …

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has
been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review …

Having recognized that variation around the population-level “Golden Mean” of labile traits
contains biologically meaningful information, behavioural ecologists have focused …

Individual differences in behaviour characterize humans and animals alike. A hot field in
behavioural ecology asks why this variation in 'personality'evolved. Theory posits that …

Since the early 21st century, behavioural ecologists have increasingly focused on the
ecology and evolution of repeatable individual differences in behaviour (aka 'animal …

Behavioral responses to novel situations often vary and can belong to a suite of correlated
behaviors. Characteristic behaviors of different personality types (eg stress co** styles) …

Individual repeatability (R), defined as the proportion of observed variance attributable to
among-individual differences, is a widely used summary statistic in evolutionarily motivated …

A fundamental tenet of maternal effects assumes that maternal variance over time should
have discordant consequences for offspring traits across litters. Yet, seldom are parents …

Stocking density is considered a stress factor for fish and is therefore one of the numerous
concerns about fish welfare in an aquaculture context. Stress co** styles (SCS) are …

Within populations, individuals can vary in stress response, a multivariate phenomenon
comprising neuroendocrine, physiological and behavioural traits. Verbal models of …