From the first applications of AT-cut quartz crystals as sensors in solutions more than 20
years ago, the so-called quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor is becoming into a good …

The quartz crystal microbalance sensor has a resonant frequency f and a quality factor Q
which can be used to probe the properties of nanometer thick film loads. A recent review by …

The article provides an overview of the measurement issues affecting sensing systems
based on quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), operating in liquids. The article analyzes the …

Real time monitoring of the physical properties of liquids is of great concern in the
automotive industry. For example, tracking the viscosity of lubricating oils is of great …

In this contribution, an overview is given of physical sensors for the determination and
monitoring of the state of liquids. Basic liquid properties in different energy domains …

Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs) are versatile sensors employed in various fields, from
environmental monitoring to biomedical applications, owing mainly to their very high …

This paper investigates the fundamental sensitivity of oscillator-based reactance sensors,
which are widely used in numerous types of biomedical sensing applications. We first show …

The resonance characteristics of vibrating structures change when they are immersed in
fluids and these changes can be related to the parameters density and viscosity of …

Piezoelectric mass sensors have been widely studied for a variety of applications as a
biological or chemical sensing transducer. With an increasing range of application areas …

Acoustic wave resonator techniques are widely used in in-liquid biochemical applications.
The main challenges remaining are the improvement of sensitivity and limit of detection, as …