The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Abstract The MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a high-mass-
resolution, high-sensitivity, multi-bounce time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MBTOF) capable …

Saturn's moon Enceladus harbours a global ice-covered water ocean,. The Cassini
spacecraft investigated the composition of the ocean by analysis of material ejected into …

Enceladus's long-lived plume of ice grains and water vapor makes accessing oceanic
material readily achievable from orbit (around Saturn or Enceladus) and from the moon's …

Icy moons like Enceladus, and perhaps Europa, emit material sourced from their subsurface
oceans into space via plumes of ice grains and gas. Both moons are prime targets for …

Saturn's moon Enceladus has a potentially habitable subsurface water ocean that contains
canonical building blocks of life (organic and inorganic carbon, ammonia, possibly hydrogen …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Research on the origin of life is highly heterogeneous. After a peculiar historical
development, it still includes strongly opposed views which potentially hinder progress. In …

The surface of Ganymede exhibits diversity in composition, interpreted as indicative of
geological age differences between dark and bright terrains. Observations from Galileo and …

The plume of Enceladus is unique in the solar system in providing direct access to fresh
material from an extraterrestrial subsurface ocean. The Cassini Mission, though not …