Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the
mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the …

The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell
types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties …

Glial cells perform critical functions that alter the metabolism and activity of neurons, and
there is increasing interest in their role in appetite and energy balance. Leptin, a key …

It has been proposed that the hypothalamus helps to control ageing, but the mechanisms
responsible remain unclear. Here we develop several mouse models in which hypothalamic …

The hypothalamus is one of the most complex brain structures involved in homeostatic
regulation. Defining cell composition and identifying cell-type-specific transcriptional …

Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This
multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose …

Obesity, a major risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases
and certain types of cancer, arises from a chronic positive energy balance that is often due to …

Obesity is often associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state affecting the entire
body. This sustained inflammatory state disrupts the coordinated communication between …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …