P4-ATPases comprise a family of P-type ATPases that actively transport or flip phospholipids
across cell membranes. This generates and maintains membrane lipid asymmetry, a …

Copper is an essential metal for plants. It plays key roles in photosynthetic and respiratory
electron transport chains, in ethylene sensing, cell wall metabolism, oxidative stress …

Stomatal opening is largely promoted by light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton
ATPases (PM H+-ATPases), while their closure is mainly modulated by abscisic acid (ABA) …

Copper is an essential metal for normal plant growth and development, although it is also
potentially toxic. Copper participates in numerous physiological processes and is an …

▪ Abstract The Na, K-ATPase or sodium pump carries out the coupled extrusion and uptake
of Na and K ions across the plasma membranes of cells of most higher eukaryotes. It is a …

Transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are essential minerals for normal plant growth
and development, although they can be toxic when present in excess. Thus, for healthy plant …

Heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ are essential
micronutrients for plant metabolism but when present in excess, these, and non-essential …

P-type ATPases are ion pumps that carry out many fundamental processes in biology and
medicine, ranging from the generation of membrane potential to muscle contraction and the …

Menkes disease (MD) is a lethal multisystemic disorder of copper metabolism. Progressive
neurodegeneration and connective tissue disturbances, together with the peculiar 'kinky'hair …

Plasma membrane ATPases are primary active transporters of cations that maintain steep
concentration gradients. The ion gradients and membrane potentials derived from them form …