Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a phenomenon that abruptly causes the flux of
low molecular weight solutes (molecular weight up to 1,500) across the generally …

The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and
cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that …

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca2+) are some of the most versatile signalling molecules, and they
have many physiological functions, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of heart failure. Oxidative
metabolism in mitochondria is the main energy source of the heart, and the inability to …

In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress
in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to …

Adult cardiomyocytes are postmitotic cells that undergo very limited cell division. Thus,
cardiomyocyte death as occurs during myocardial infarction has very detrimental …

Synapses enable neurons to communicate with each other and are therefore a prerequisite
for normal brain function. Presynaptically, this communication requires energy and …

All metazoans depend on the consumption of O2 by the mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) to produce energy. In addition, the OXPHOS uses O2 to …