A polymer chain of N atoms enjoys 3N-6 internal degrees of freedom, which gives rise to
infinitely many conformations. Even a simple model of N) 100 atoms where bond lengths …

Voltage-gated potassium channels play a fundamental role in the generation and
propagation of the action potential. The discovery of these channels began with predictions …

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels initiate electrical signalling in excitable cells and are
the molecular targets for drugs and disease mutations, but the structural basis for their …

Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) transcription factors are responsible for the regulation of
more than 150 target genes, their expression is induced by many classes of stimuli, and …

The seeming contradiction that K+ channels conduct K+ ions at maximal throughput rates
while not permeating slightly smaller Na+ ions has perplexed scientists for decades …

Potassium channels play critical roles in many physiological processes, providing a
selective permeation route for K+ ions in and out of a cell, by employing a carefully designed …

Abstract The Feller–Peterson–Dixon approach to the reliable prediction of thermochemical
properties to chemical accuracy is described. The method calculates the total atomization …

Potassium channels allow K+ ions to diffuse through their pores while preventing smaller
Na+ ions from permeating. Discrimination between these similar, abundant ions enables …

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) has recently shown potential for structural biology.
It enables the study of biomolecules from micrometer-sized 3D crystals that are too small to …

NaK and other non-selective channels are able to conduct both sodium (Na+) and
potassium (K+) with equally high efficiency. In contrast to previous crystallographic results …