Addressing the multiscale organization of the brain, which is fundamental to the dynamic
repertoire of the organ, remains challenging. In principle, it should be possible to model …

Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines
nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome …

Implantable devices for the wireless modulation of neural tissue need to be designed for
reliability, safety and reduced invasiveness. Here we report chronic electrical stimulation of …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

All-optical electrophysiology—spatially resolved simultaneous optical perturbation and
measurement of membrane voltage—would open new vistas in neuroscience research. We …

Light is a uniquely powerful tool for controlling molecular events in biology. No other
external input (eg, heat, ultrasound, magnetic field) can be so tightly focused or so highly …

While calcium imaging has become a mainstay of modern neuroscience, the spectral
properties of current fluorescent calcium indicators limit deep-tissue imaging as well as …

Both observational and perturbational technologies are essential for advancing the
understanding of brain function and dysfunction. But while observational techniques have …

There have been two recent revolutionary advances in neuroscience: First, genetically
encoded activity sensors have brought the goal of optical detection of single action …

A central goal in neuroscience is to determine how the brain's neuronal circuits generate
perception, cognition and emotions and how these lead to appropriate behavioural actions …