Our understanding of the ubiquitin code has greatly evolved from conventional E1, E2 and
E3 enzymes that modify Lys residues on specific substrates with a single type of ubiquitin …

This perspective is partly review and partly proposal. N-degrons and C-degrons are
degradation signals whose main determinants are, respectively, the N-terminal and C …

Acetylation is one of the major post-translational protein modifications in the cell, with
manifold effects on the protein level as well as on the metabolome level. The acetyl group …

An N-degron is a degradation signal whose main determinant is a “destabilizing” N-terminal
residue of a protein. Specific N-degrons, discovered in 1986, were the first identified …

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their
activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin …

N-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is a widespread protein modification among
eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike. By appending an acetyl group to the N-terminal amino …

NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is a
ubiquitin-like protein that activates the largest ubiquitin E3 ligase family, the cullin–RING …

Tau protein plays a critical role in the assembly, stabilization, and modulation of
microtubules, which are important for the normal function of neurons and the brain. In …

RING E3s comprise the largest family of ubiquitin (UB) and ubiquitin-like protein (UBL)
ligases. RING E3s typically promote UB or UBL transfer from the active site of an associated …

Recent studies of N-terminal acetylation have identified new N-terminal acetyltransferases
(NATs) and expanded the known functions of these enzymes beyond their roles as ribosome …