Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity.
Traditional risk prediction models, while foundational, often fail to capture the multifaceted …

With the ongoing societal development and changes in lifestyle, the incidence of
cardiovascular diseases continues to rise. Although the most effective means of preventing …

Accurate estimation of patient risk is integral to preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) as
approximate absolute risk guides patientclinician discussion regarding intensity of …