Decades of research have illuminated the underlying ingredients that determine the scope
of evolutionary responses to climate change. The field of evolutionary biology therefore …

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it
could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of evolutionary forces in …

Rates of urbanization are accelerating worldwide. The increases in temperature associated
with 'urban heat island'effects provide both an ecological imperative and a unique …

The question of parallel evolution—what causes it, and how common it is—has long
captured the interest of evolutionary biologists. Widespread urban development over the last …

Phenotypic plasticity—the ability of an individual organism to change its phenotype in direct
response to variation in its environment—has long fascinated and perplexed biologists …

As the environment changes, populations can respond by adapting via evolutionary change.
If the rate or magnitude of environmental change is too great for evolution to keep pace, then …

Climate change is predicted to dramatically alter biological diversity and distributions,
driving extirpations, extinctions, and extensive range shifts across the globe. Warming can …

As the climate continues to change, species are moving to track their climatic niches.
Although we are gaining a clearer picture of where and how quickly species ranges are …

Urbanization represents an unintentional global experiment that can provide insights into
how species will respond and interact under future global change scenarios. Cities produce …

A comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape species responses
to thermal variation is essential for more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate …