The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth
century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been …

The concept of feedback is key in assessing whether a perturbation to a system is amplified
or damped by mechanisms internal to the system. In polar regions, climate dynamics are …

Atmospheric humidity, clouds, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are essential
components of the Arctic climate system. During recent decades, specific humidity and …

The Arctic region is a harbinger of global change and is warming at a rate higher than the
global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increases in anthropogenic greenhouse …

Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that dominates Earth's terrestrial radiation absorption. As
the planetary temperature warms, forced by increasing CO 2 and other greenhouse gases …

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and growth significantly influences climate by
supplying new seeds for cloud condensation and brightness. Currently, there is a lack of …

The capability of 36 models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project (CMIP6) and their 24 CMIP5 counterparts in simulating the mean state and variability …

Annual minima in Arctic sea-ice extent and volume have been decreasing rapidly since the
late 1970s, with substantial interannual variability. Summers with a particularly strong …

The climatic impact of increased Arctic sea ice loss has received growing attention in the last
years. However, little focus has been set on the role of sea ice thickness, although it strongly …

Arctic sea-ice area and volume have substantially decreased since the beginning of the
satellite era. Concurrently, the poleward heat transport from the North Atlantic Ocean into the …