Of all electrons, runaway electrons have long been recognized in the fusion community as a
distinctive population. They now attract special attention as a part of ITER mission …

Novel spatial, temporal, and energetically resolved measurements of bremsstrahlung hard-x-
ray (HXR) emission from runaway electron (RE) populations in tokamaks reveal …

We derive a formula for the effective critical electric field for runaway generation and decay
that accounts for the presence of partially ionized impurities in combination with synchrotron …

Under the presence of strong electromagnetic fields and radiation reaction, plasmas
develop anisotropic momentum distributions, characterized by a population inversion. This …

Integrated modelling of electron runaway requires computationally expensive kinetic models
that are self-consistently coupled to the evolution of the background plasma parameters. The …

We study how radiation reaction leads plasmas initially in kinetic equilibrium to develop
features in momentum space, such as anisotropies and population inversion, resulting in a …

Improved understanding of runaway-electron formation and decay processes are of prime
interest for the safe operation of large tokamaks, and the dynamics of the runaway electrons …

Runaway electrons are generated in a magnetized plasma when the parallel electric field
exceeds a critical value. For such electrons with energies typically reaching tens of MeV, the …

The electron runaway phenomenon in plasmas depends sensitively on the momentum-
space dynamics. However, efficient simulation of the global evolution of systems involving …

Areas of agreement and disagreement with present-day models of runaway electron (RE)
evolution are revealed by measuring MeV-level bremsstrahlung radiation from runaway …