Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-
femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires …

The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the
rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable …

X-ray free-electron lasers (x-ray FELs) give us for the first time the possibility to explore
structures and dynamical processes of atomic and molecular systems at the angstrom …

Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental
structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses with a narrow energy
bandwidth and unprecedented brightness. Ultrafast physical and chemical dynamics …

The X-ray free-electron laser has opened a new era for photon science, improving the X-ray
brightness by ten orders of magnitude over previously available sources. Similar to an …

X-ray free-electron lasers are unique sources of high-brightness coherent radiation.
However, existing devices supply only linearly polarized light, precluding studies of chiral …

Accelerator-based light sources such as storage rings and free-electron lasers use
relativistic electron beams to produce intense radiation over a wide spectral range for …