Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the
manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children's toys, and medical devices …

Diet might affect male reproductive potential, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in
the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. While a Western diet is …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied as a cause of male infertility.
Excessive levels of ROS coupled with a deficiency in antioxidants can lead to oxidative …

Besides ATP production, mitochondria are key organelles in several cellular functions, such
as steroid hormone biosynthesis, calcium homoeostasis, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the …

BACKGROUND The best-known role of spermatozoa is to fertilize the oocyte and to transmit
the paternal genome to offspring. These highly specialized cells have a unique structure …

Microplastics are widely distributed, such as oceans, rivers and the atmosphere, with many
opportunities for human exposure and potential health risks. Polystyrene microplastic (PS …

Semen analysis is the first step to identify male factor infertility. Standardized methods of
semen analysis are available allowing accurate assessment of sperm quality and …

Although the prevalence of sub-infertility in diabetic patients in childbearing age is known,
the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus (DM) causes male infertility are not completely …

Obesity, defined as excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, is a metabolic disorder
resulting from behavioral, environmental and heritable causes. Obesity increases the risks of …

Mitochondria have multiple functions, including synthesis of adenine triphosphate,
production of reactive oxygen species, calcium signalling, thermogenesis and apoptosis …