This review article provides an overview of a range of recent technical developments in
advanced arterial spin labeling (ASL) methods that have been developed or adopted by the …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a methodology for detecting dynamic
patterns of activity in the working human brain. Although the initial discoveries that led to …

Early brain development, from the embryonic period to infancy, is characterized by rapid
structural and functional changes. These changes can be studied using structural and …

Functional MRI using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast indirectly probes
neuronal activity via evoked cerebral blood volume (CBV) and oxygenation changes. Thus …

We review the hemodynamic, metabolic and cellular parameters affected during early
ischemia and their changes as a function of approximate cerebral blood flow (CBF) …

The human brain constitutes 2% of the body's total mass but uses 20% of the oxygen. The
rate of the brain's oxygen utilization can be derived from a knowledge of cerebral blood flow …

Characterizing the effect of oxygen (O2) modulation on the brain may provide a better
understanding of several clinically relevant problems, including acute mountain sickness …

The BOLD contrast mechanism has a complex relationship with functional brain activity,
oxygen metabolism, and neurovascular factors. Accurate interpretation of the BOLD signal …

The measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been the topic of numerous
neuroimaging studies. To date, however, most in vivo imaging approaches can only …

Key points Human fetal Doppler ultrasound and invasive blood gas measurements obtained
by cordocentesis or at the time of delivery reveal similarities with sheep (an extensively used …