Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in
determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the …

Phosphogypsum is one of the hottest issues in the field of environmental solid waste
treatment, with complex and changeable composition. Meanwhile, phosphogypsum …

Inorganic scaling caused by precipitation of sparingly soluble salts at supersaturation is a
common but critical issue, limiting the efficiency of membrane-based desalination and brine …

Many crystallization processes of great importance, including frost heave, biomineralization,
the synthesis of nanomaterials, and scale formation, occur in small volumes rather than bulk …

Nucleation, the initial process in vapor condensation, crystal nucleation, melting, and
boiling, is the localized emergence of a distinct thermodynamic phase at the nanoscale that …

BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by …

Reverse osmosis is becoming popular for the purification of water resources eg sea and
brackish water. However, one of the major limitations in efficient operation are the fouling of …

Crystallisation is at the heart of various scientific disciplines, but still the understanding of the
molecular mechanisms underlying phase separation and the formation of the first solid …

Membrane desalination that enables the harvesting of purified water from unconventional
sources such as seawater, brackish groundwater, and wastewater has become …

Mechanisms of nucleation from electrolyte solutions have been debated for more than a
century. Recent discoveries of amorphous precursors and evidence for cluster aggregation …